Transformation Toward Net Zero Built Environment—Indian Scenario: Challenges and Opportunities

The primary goal of UNFCCC–COP 21 was to limit global warming to 1.5–2 °C as agenda 2030; whereas India plans to reduce emission intensity by at least 33%, generate 40% electricity by non-fossil fuel source, and create an additional carbon sink of about 2.5 to 3 bn tons. World Bank report estimates India will need to invest $840 billion over the next 15 years to keep up with rising urban infrastructure demand. Considering the growth potential in construction sector and the focus on environmental sustainability aspect, this article attempts to objectively identify challenges, current scenarios, and opportunities in achieving a net zero carbon-built environment model from the conceptual stage through, costing, planning, design, and execution stages at the macro level. The present article attempts to identify barriers areas under the primary elements of net zero carbon viz., embodied carbon, operational energy, energy source, and demand response. It also attempts to suggest a methodology that can be considered to ensure data disclosure on carbon emission of construction materials, specifically the EPD. Identify and collaborate with various stakeholders who can meaningfully contribute to the creation, review, and validation of the repository and share database which lists the net carbon emission and carbon factors for the materials and resources used in construction. The potential of circularity in reducing net carbon emissions; development and/or utilization of life cycle analysis tools in construction to achieve sustainability and the requirement of the necessary legal framework in the form of code of practice, guidelines, and/or handbook are also discussed.