(Multi)functionality: As an Urban Development Tool for Placemaking

Multifunctionality of a space and its connection to the socio-spatial development is a known concept in urban design and planning, yet additionally it holds significance in other spatial disciplines including architecture, landscape planning, forestry, and agriculture as well. Albeit this idea is interpreted and understood differently across scientific disciplines, when it comes to the design domain, multifunctionality is often perceived just as a characteristic of the space. It refers to the potential for more than one activity or function to be performed simultaneously or in the same area. Most of the research often overlooks its potential as a development tool, as it enables a synchronic or diachronic realization of the various economic, social, and environmental benefits it can have on a space. Through the literature review and case studies, the paper thus aims to contribute on the meaning, impact, and application of the concept of multifunctionality for socio-spatial developments, by concentrating primarily on public open spaces in urban settings. It further explores multifunctionality as a development tool in all its dimensions and variables including space, time, use, and service along with its benefits with respect to placemaking. The analysis is conducted to examine these diverse aspects and interpretations of the concept of functionality of spaces which further affect how the concept is employed in practice. Hence, the research is an attempt to conceptualize multifunctionality in public open spaces to best support successful and convivial spatial developments.