Gut Microbiota and Altered Behaviour: Target on Neuroimmune Interplays

There are over 100 trillion microflorae in the human gut which engage in multiple interactions with human health during the whole life span. They influence human physiology, nutrition, metabolism and immunity. There is a two-way connection between the gut and brain known as gut-brain axis through which it influences the physiological, behavioural and cognitive functions of brain. This research focuses on the gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication pathway between the gut and the brain that impacts brain function through vagus nerve and HPA axis and the metabolites such as neurotransmitters and SCFAs. The disruption in composition and relative abundance of gut microbiota known as dysbiosis leads to pathogenesis of several neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and autism. The individuals with neurological disorders presented with altered composition of gut microbes and its metabolites which varies from the normal individuals. This altered behaviour of gut microbes can be influenced or changed by supplementing with a bioactive live microorganisms known as probiotics. This study explores the potential of manipulating gut microbiota through probiotics to improve neurological function and potentially treat these disorders.