The Scenario of Emerging Gut Microbiome Cross Talks in Brain Aging

Brain aging is natural aging process that occurs over the lifetime of every individual which depends on various factors including genetic, environmental factors, lifestyle changes, and age which are major risk factors for developing brain aging. Brain aging has nine characteristic hallmarks which are majorly categorized into three types, namely, primary, antagonistic, and integrative hallmarks. Some of the neurological conditions that are associated with brain aging are neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, stroke, epilepsy, and dementia. Among which neurodegenerative diseases may have a greater impact among the individuals with a variety of risk factors. Microbiome is composed of variety of microorganisms that are integral to the host which maintains a healthy relationship between the host gut. There are innumerable gut microbiomes which are present in the human gut. Those microbes can play a crucial role in the host metabolic, physiologic, pathologic, and psychologic conditions by maintaining the homeostatic environment. Certain pathological, psychological, and physiological alterations can defect the homeostasis maintained by the gut microbiota which results in the development and progression of diseases especially age-related neuronal diseases. This cross talk between the causative factors and the microbiota can be modulated by various therapeutic approaches which show significant results which are achieved by mediating the signaling of gut to the brain or vice versa.