Gut Microbiome: A Key Factor in Ageing and an Aim for Anti-senescence Intervention

The ageing process is increasingly being attributed to the gut microbiome. It has been hypothesized that age-related gut dysbiosis is influenced by the immune system deterioration in the ageing intestinal epithelium. There is evidence that the microbiome structure may have an impact on how quickly people age. These changes take place over time gradually. The age-related changes, including nutrition, frailty, and inflammation have a major impact on the breakdown of the symbiotic relationship between the host and the gut microbiome. Reduced microbiota diversity has demonstrated a key sign of age-onset dysbiosis, which may cause certain bacterial groups to proliferate. A healthy gut microbiota is essential for controlling metabolism, fighting off infection and inflammation, preventing cancer and autoimmune diseases, and regulating the brain-gut axis. A healthy and non-pathological ageing process may be facilitated by gut microbiota manipulation, which may also serve to prevent the development of degenerative pathways. In this chapter, we describe and explain how the gut microbiome affects human cells in health and disease, its involvement in cellular senescence in ageing, and the link between the gut microbiome and cellular senescence. We also discuss how to use this knowledge to develop microbiome-based anti-ageing and pro-longevity treatments.