Klebsiella pneumoniae Virulence Factors and Biofilm Components: Synthesis, Structure, Function, and Inhibitors

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative pathogen capable of causing a diverse array of infections in humans. It belongs to the group of ESKAPE pathogens, which are responsible for causing severe infections in immunocompromised individuals. The virulence of K. pneumoniae is attributed to several factors, including the synthesis of capsular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, fimbriae, and iron acquisition systems. Additionally, K. pneumoniae can form a biofilm, which protects it from both host immune defense and antimicrobial agents. Its ability to form biofilm thus adds to its virulence potential significantly as biofilm-associated infections are notoriously difficult to treat. Thus, the chapter has been designed to provide an overview on the synthesis, structure, and function of virulence factors and biofilm components of K. pneumoniae, which contribute to its pathogenicity and also its multidrug resistance (MDR). Furthermore, the chapter discusses the various inhibitors developed to target these virulence factors and biofilm components, which can potentially be used as therapeutic agents to combat infections caused by K. pneumoniae.