Comparative Analysis of Biojet Fuel Production from Different Potential Substrates

The aviation sector emits 2.5% of the global anthropogenic CO2 emissions, which can rise by 3.6% annually and double over the next decades. Therefore, the decarbonization of the aviation sector is necessary. One possible solution to reduce the environmental impacts and the problems linked to the fossil fuel (price, availability, national security) in the aviation industry is the biojet fuel. The biojet fuel can be produced using a variety of biomass feedstocks that can be classified considering its chemical nature in triglyceride (soybeans, sunflower, castor bean, palm, rapeseed/canola, jatropha, camelina, algae), sugar and starch (sugarcane, corn, cassava), lignocellulosic (sugarcane bagasse, grasses, plant residues, wood), and wastes (municipal solid waste, sewage, gad flue). The choice of feedstock for biojet fuel production is a complex decision influenced by economic, environmental, and technological considerations. Each feedstock presents unique advantages and challenges, and the optimal choice may vary depending on regional conditions and priorities. Thereby, this chapter discusses each one of these raw materials, showing the scientific and technological advances reported in the literature. Moreover, a comparative analysis is done using environmental and economic aspects.