Ensuring Sustainability of Groundwater Resources: A Review of Challenges and Initiatives by Southern African Arid and Semi-arid Countries

Water research in most Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries is focused more on water resource managementWater Resource Management and modeling. Keywords such as “conservation, Southern Africa, Africa, climate change, rainfall, systems, and river-basin yield more results in most research” (Elema 2019). The limited focus by researchers on sustainable groundwater management is evident. Also, the lack of consideration of the interconnectedness of groundwater quality, quantity, climate change, and human activities at regional, national, and local levels is also receiving limited attention. This chapter aims to review the challengesChallenges and initiatives by Southern African aridArid and semi-arid countries.