Hydrogen Energy Application in Rail Transit Under the “Double Carbon” Strategy: The State of the Art and Prospects

Under the background of the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, the demand for green rail transit is urgent, and there is huge market space for hydrogen energy to replace traditional energy in rail transit. In the stage where hydrogen energy rail transit applications are advancing towards multiple scenarios and commercial operations, cost and lifetime issues still limit the widespread use of fuel cells. Therefore, this paper analyzes the key technologies of hydrogen fuel cells in rail transit applications, focusing on the research status and problems of prognostics and health management (PHM) of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for rail transit and energy management strategies (EMS) of fuel cell hybrid systems for rail transit. Finally, based on the future development of hydrogen rail transit, the development of fuel cell technology was analyzed and prospected.