Perspectives and Overview of CRISPR/Cas Technology in Plant Pathogenesis

Plants are vulnerable to phytopathogens including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, which result in significant financial losses (both before and after harvest) and risk the security of the global food supply. Climate change has been rapidly causing aggravation of plant disease impacts, with existing pathogens showing pandemic behavior making the development of efficient long-term disease management approaches difficult. Plants have two layers of resistance against these phytopathogens, called PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) or effectors-triggered immunity (ETI). The development of pathogen-resistant plants has been made possible by advances in high-throughput molecular techniques and our growing understanding of plant–molecular interactions. In this respect, genome-editing (GE) technology has been revolutionized by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) and is now being used to modify characteristics. Here, we’ve outlined the intricacies of the plant immune system and how CRISPR/Cas can be used to alter the system’s many parts to give plants enduring resistance against phytopathogens.