Equations, Codes, and Case Study for Three Phases

The version of v2206 in OpenFOAM is installed because the solid–liquid-gas three-phase solver named MPPICInterFoam, which is the coupled transport of a single kinematic particle cloud including the effect of the volume fraction of particles on the continuous phase, is adopted. This solver is developed by both volume of fluid (VOF) method and multiphase particle-in-cell (MPPIC) method, and it is based on the Eulerian–Lagrangian scheme. The solid–liquid-gas three-phase system is controlled by the N-S equation, the motion equation of each particle, and the phase equation of the VOF model.