Role of Exosomes in Epilepsy and Other Seizure Disorders

Epilepsy is a common brain disorder in which seizures occur due to abnormal electrical activity. It affects all people. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles formed in the endosomal part of eukaryotic cells and play a role in intercellular communication. They transport biological substances that influence synaptic processes. Exosomes containing cerebrospinal fluid microRNA can cross the blood–brain barrier, making them a hopeful tool for diagnosing and treating neurological illnesses. This book chapter discusses the present state of knowledge on neurological disorders and the involvement of exosomes. Exosomes are defined, and their biosynthesis, structure, release, and functions in intercellular communication. Inhibiting exosome secretion may be a novel therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. These findings provide novel perspectives to achieve exosome-based therapeutic strategies for diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative diseases. Exosomes contain therapeutic nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids that reduce neuroinflammation. So, in this chapter, we provide evidence of the involvement of exosomes in epilepsy and seizure disorders, their role in oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Preclinical and clinical studies are discussed, and future studies are suggested.