Recent Challenges of Exosomes as a Novel Carrier in Various Brain Disorders

Exosome application has recently gained significant attention as a promising area of nanotechnology research for the development of drugs and diagnostic tools for a wide range of disorders. Due to their inherent characteristics, such as effective drug administration, enhanced biocompatibility, easy passage of physiological barriers, and few adverse effects, exosomes demonstrate promising potential for expedited clinical translation. Exosomes, which are small vesicles enclosed by a membrane, play a significant role in intercellular communication and possess the inherent capability to traverse the blood–brain barrier (BBB). This unique characteristic makes them suitable for use as carriers for delivering drugs to treat brain illnesses. In this chapter, we discuss exosome-based drug delivery endeavors for various brain disorders and highlight the challenges and future directions in clinical translation.