Introduction to Exosome and Its Role in Brain Disorders

Exosomes, which are small extracellular vehicles produced by a variety of cell types, have emerged as key actors in intercellular communication due to their ability to transport a diverse payload of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. This communication is critical in both normal and pathological situations, particularly in the complicated terrain of brain illnesses. This book chapter introduces exosomes and their many actions inside the central nervous system (CNS). These duties include crucial activities like cell-to-cell communication, waste disposal, inflammation regulation, and neuroprotection. Exosomes have been connected to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, where they replicate misfolded proteins and contribute to disease progression. Furthermore, exosomes have been related to brain cancer, where they promote tumor formation and dissemination. Understanding the concepts behind exosome-mediated actions in brain diseases enables diagnostic innovation and therapy progress. Exosomes provide a promising approach for biomarker creation, with the potential to change early disease detection and monitoring. Furthermore, the targeted utilization of exosomes for targeted drug delivery brings up new therapeutic options. This review focuses on the crucial roles of exosomes in CNS communication and the consequences for understanding, diagnosing, and even treating brain illnesses.