Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Disease Therapy

Platelets are vesicle-related cells in the blood. Indeed, platelets are regarded as vesicles themselves because they do not contain nuclei, and they are sources of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Platelet-derived EVs account for 70–90% of all vesicles in plasma. Platelets and platelet-derived EVs influence many physiological and pathophysiological processes. For example, platelet-derived EVs promote coagulation and thrombosis, regulate inflammation and immunity, control infection, promote tissue repair, and modulate the growth cycle of normal cells and tumor cells. Accordingly, these EVs may have clinical applications, including applications as biomarkers of diseases, drug targeting carriers, and separate components or products in the treatment of clinical diseases.