Biogenesis and Functions of Extracellular Vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain various biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites. Multiple intracellular trafficking mechanisms are involved in EV biogenesis and secretion. EVs play essential roles in the fundamental functions of cells and are involved in the construction and regulation of the extracellular environment. Mounting evidence indicates that EVs are closely related to the physiological and pathological state of cells. However, our understanding of EVs is still limited; therefore, further exploration of the biogenesis and release mechanisms of EVs is critical, and discussions of the biogenesis and functions of EVs are essential for promoting the applications of EVs.