Diurnal and Seasonal Variability of MUF in Bangladesh: A Comparative Analysis of HF Propagation Prediction Models

The optimal utilization of high frequency (HF) communication in diverse applications, including military communication and emergency response, necessitates dependable and efficient HF communication links. The variability of the ionosphere presents difficulties in areas where there is a dearth of research on high-frequency propagation forecasting models, such as Bangladesh. The present research endeavors to examine the diurnal and seasonal fluctuations in the MUF within Bangladesh. Additionally, the study seeks to evaluate and contrast the efficacy of three prevalent HF propagation prediction models, namely VOACAP, ASAPS, and REC533. Empirical data on MUF levels was gathered through field measurements and subsequently compared to the corresponding model forecasts. The study evaluated the precision and accuracy of the model using both descriptive and statistical analyses. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of HF propagation prediction models in Bangladesh across all seasonal and diurnal variations.