Design and Modification of Engine Piston—Review

This paper provides an overview of the engine piston, a crucial component in internal combustion engines responsible for powering the combustion process. The piston is a cylindrical metal piece connected to the crankshaft, enabling reciprocating motion within the engine's cylinder. By moving up and down, it compresses the air–fuel mixture, leading to ignition and generating the force required for engine operation. The piston's failure can be attributed to thermal and mechanical stresses. Extensive research has been conducted on piston design, focusing on materials used and modifications to crown shapes. This review consolidates the existing knowledge on piston design, discussing advancements made in understanding the impact of different materials and crown shapes on performance and durability. By analysing the literature on piston research, this paper aims to contribute to the comprehension and improvement of piston design, ultimately enhancing the efficiency and reliability of internal combustion engines.