Discrimination of Dunhuang Literature

In the late Qing Dynasty (1636-1912), a large number of hand-written literature (a small amount of engravings) were discovered before and after the Tang Dynasty in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, most of which were kept by the British, French, Chinese, and Russian national collection institutes, and a small number of which through various channels went into small and medium-sized libraries, museums or private homes everywhere. It is generally believed that the Dunhuang hand-written literature in the hands of the latter type of collectors are complicated due to different roads, and there is a high possibility of possessing false copies, so it is necessary to distinguish the Dunhuang hand-written literature when using them.