Co-simulations of Microwave Circuits

Microwave circuitsMicrowave circuits, typically operating within the frequency range from 300 MHz to 300 GHz [1, 2], are the fundamental electronic circuitsElectronic circuits in radio frequency (RF)Radio frequency (RF) and microwave devices and systemsMicrowave devices and systems [3]. Due to their high-frequency nature, the microwave circuitsMicrowave circuits exhibit several unique characteristics and requirements in terms of materials, structures, circuit configurations, components, and design methodologiesDesign methodologies when compared to conventional low-frequency digital circuitsDigital circuits. As an independent and specialized field, the technologies of microwave circuitsMicrowave circuits have been significantly improved in theories, materials, processes, components, and design methodsDesign methods in recent years, and their applications have also been greatly expanded.