An Intelligent LoRa-Based Wireless Sensor Network Mesh Architecture to Improve Precision Agriculture

In today’s world with evolving dynamics brought into the field of agriculture, there have been quite a few advancements unified into agrarian practices by the incorporation of modern technologies and methods. IoT, AI/ML, and other such technologies are sweeping the entire globe due to their ability to provide precise, reliable, consistent, and accurate outcomes to make data-driven decisions. Integration of IoT and ML models in order to perform data analytics was a natural choice made to have a rigorous improvement in the farm's yield quantity and quality with the intention to go above and beyond in terms of meeting the food demand. This survey intends to showcase how the culmination of various aspects of agrarian necessities cooperates for the synchronization of computational capabilities provided by the ML models and data generated via the use of IoT sensors, communicated over the LoRa-based WSN networks. This paper proposes an integrated system based on a three-tier architecture that incorporates ML and IoT systems to process data for yield prediction and is consequently further used to generate a visual representation of the outcome. A novel approach to ensure the sustainability of yield both in terms of production and grading standards has been presented.