Lignocellulosic Waste to Biofuel-Paddy Straw to Bioethanol: Advancement in Technology

Paddy is amongst the most consumable crops in the world. In fact, in Asia, it is known as the most stable food item. As per the growing population, there is a need for the large amount of production of rice crops which also generates large amounts of rice straw along with the rice as residue in the fields. Nowadays, farmers and others are using this rice straw unsustainably by simply burning these paddy straws in the fields which directly contributes to the population as it emits large amounts of greenhouse gas in the environment. So, there is a need for the sustainable development of these paddy straws to convert them into good end products to make them used appropriately. Utilizing paddy straw as a valuable source of lignocellulosic biomass presents a promising method for generating bioethanol. This sustainable use of paddy straw for bioethanol will also bring lots of additional income from the waste to the country. The present chapter comprises components of lignocellulose biomass (LCB) in rice straw and different steps to produce bioethanol.