Application of Bacillus Species in the Alleviation of Salinity-Stressed Agricultural Soil: An Overview

Globally, agricultural ecosystems are now greatly threatened by soil salinity. Salinity has an impact on several continents throughout the world, which has a negative impact on crop yield. The pace of salinization in arid and semi-arid areas has been accelerated by anthropogenic activities that degrade agricultural land. Several microbial-based formulations are found effective in alleviating ill effects of salinity. = Among these, the use of Bacillus species has been identified as a promising approach. This greener strategy is appropriate for increasing productivity in many crops. Numerous strategies are used by salt-tolerant Bacillus to influence the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of plants to salt stress. These processes include reactions to oxidative stress, osmotic regulation through ion homeostasis and osmolyte accumulation, protection against free radicals through the development of free radical-scavenging enzymes, and maintenance of growth parameters through the production of phytohormones and other metabolites. They are promising prospects for increasing crop production because salt-tolerant Bacillus spp. result in greater plant survival under salinity. The current compilation concentrates on the several strategies that Bacillus spp. employ to enhance plant health under salinity. Recent breakthroughs and opportunities for a better understanding of how Bacillus spp. work to alleviate salt stress in plants are emphasized.