Artificial Intelligence in Countering Disinformation and Enemy Propaganda in the Context of Russia’s Armed Aggression Against Ukraine

The article analyzes how the Russian Federation employs disinformation and propaganda in its hybrid war against Ukraine. It focuses on state and public organizations that actively work to counteract these destructive actions from the aggressor country. The article emphasizes the changes that have expanded the reach and effectiveness of present-day disinformation campaigns. Emphasis is placed on the systemic correlation between hostile conventional, information, and cyber-attacks in Ukraine. The Council of the European Union, the External Affairs Service of the European Union, and the countries of the Lublin Triangle recognize the fact of systematic information manipulation and disinformation by the Russian government as one of the tools in its attack on Ukraine. The aggressor country uses not only traditional means of producing and disseminating disinformation but also resorts to the latest—artificial intelligence, which changes the scale and effectiveness of disinformation campaigns directed against democratic states. It emphasized that Russian disinformation and propaganda activities are losing effectiveness due to Ukraine's acquisition of countermeasures. Artificial intelligence has potential in both producing and countering disinformation and propaganda. The article examines the ways in which artificial intelligence techniques are amplifying the phenomenon of misinformation on the Internet and specifies AI systems employed by the Center for Strategic Communications and Information Security of Ukraine. Additionally, it concludes that military doctrines should be adapted to address contemporary challenges, using lessons from the Ukrainian–Russian war.