Policy Gaps and Needs Analysis for the Implementation of NDCs on Adaptation and Loss and Damage in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka

This paper focuses on the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) submitted by Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, as required by the Paris Agreement, which include actions related to both mitigation and adaptation and loss and damage. The paper examines the implementation gaps and needs in these countries for NDC components related to adaptation and loss and damage. The research uses legal and policy analysis, expert interviews, group consultations, and multi-stakeholder workshops to identify gaps and needs in technical, financial, and institutional capacities, coordination, data access, research, knowledge management, gender-responsiveness, monitoring, reporting, and verification of actions. The paper recommends aligning and integrating NDCs with other related processes, such as National Adaptation Plans, Sustainable Development Goals, and the Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction, to build synergies. The paper also recommends developing data and knowledge-sharing mechanisms and common national monitoring and evaluation systems for NDC implementation processes to address the identified gaps.