Penetration Simulation and Structure Design of a Detector for Outer Planetary Surface Impact Detection

Penetration detection is a scientific exploration carried out by a detector that impacts the surface of a planet at high speed and penetrates to a certain depth. Multiple studies have been conducted on penetrating probes, including the Mars 96 Penetrator, MoonLITE, and Luna A Penetrator. This article proposes a modular asteroid Penetrator configuration and uses LS-Dyna simulation software to establish a simulation model for the impact of the penetrator on the asteroid target using the HJC constitutive model. The analysis of the impact of the penetrator's external parameters on the overload value borne by the internal components during the impact process and the overall penetration depth of the penetrator is carried out, mainly focusing on the selection of external arc radius, internal arc radius, wall thickness, and other external parameters of the penetrator. At the same time, a split optimization scheme is proposed to minimize the body's mass as much as possible without reducing the strength of the penetrator. Finally, the high-speed impact test system of the artillery was used to conduct ground impact tests on the prototype of the penetrator. The results show that the penetrator can still normally work after high-speed impact and successfully obtain the penetration depth and internal overload data, which verifies the rationality of the penetrator configuration, and can provide a reference for the subsequent design of the extraterrestrial planetary penetration detection scheme.