From Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0: Challenges and Opportunities in the Testing Inspection and Certification (TIC) Industry

The twenty-first century is changing faster than ever in the human history. While it has taken over 20 years transferring the industry from automated manufacturing (i.e., Industry 3.0) to Industry 4.0, the new idea of Industry 5.0 has shortly been raised less than 10 years after the proposal of Industry 4.0. Yet, potential transformation that could bring along by Industry 5.0 is revolutionary. On the other hand, Testing, Inspection, and Certification (TIC) industry, which is constrained by strict quality management requirements, and complex industry practices, finds it difficult to catch up with the wave, regardless the conflicting fact that, the industry is a corner stone in providing proof of rules and regulations compliance to products and services protecting us in this ever-changing world. This paper reviews and compares the characteristics of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0, investigates the challenges and opportunities brought to the TIC industry, and proposes possible matching of technologies to be applied in the industry to adapt with this transformation.