This chapter examines the vulnerabilities faced by Bangladeshi migrant laborers in the Middle East and South Asia, highlighting the interplay of economic factors, structural inequalities, and human security issues. Bangladeshi migrants make a significant contribution to their home country’s economy through remittances, yet they often experience exploitation, unsafe working conditions, and limited legal protections in their host countries. This chapter critically analyzes systemic issues in migration policies, such as the Kafala system in the Middle East and irregular labor practices in South Asia, which contribute to the precarious status of these workers. The study uses qualitative data, case studies, and policy analyses to reveal how these vulnerabilities intersect with gender, socioeconomic background, and regional political dynamics. Key challenges identified include wage theft, physical and psychological abuse, human trafficking, and restricted mobility, all of which threaten the human security of migrant workers. Additionally, this chapter highlights gaps in Bangladesh’s labor migration governance, particularly concerning predeparture preparation, consular support, and reintegration efforts. The chapter concludes with actionable recommendations, including necessary policy reforms in sending and receiving countries, enhanced regional cooperation frameworks, and increased international advocacy for the rights of migrant workers. This work contributes to discussions on ethical labor migration, emphasizing the urgent need to protect the dignity and rights of one of the most vulnerable groups of migrant laborers in the global economy.