The chapter examines the development of Taiwanese immigration policies in terms of the following inquiries: How has Taiwan overseen the new migration phenomenon that commenced with the arrival of illegal workers from Southeast Asian countries on the island in the 1980s, and how have migration policies changed? What impact has China’s shift to capitalism had on cross-strait relations and the flow of people, capital, and investments across the strait? What are the repercussions of regional and global geopolitical tensions, accelerated by the rivalry between China and the US, on Taiwan’s immigration policy? The chapter first provides a brief overview of the historical background of immigration in Taiwan. Later, the evolution and outcomes of Taiwan’s immigration policies from the 1980s to the present are examined, along with the key dynamics that have determined the direction of this evolution. Taiwan serves as both an immigration and emigration destination; consequently, the subsequent section delves into the current state of emigration. Finally, it is discussed how Taiwan’s immigration policies are being impacted by escalating geopolitical tensions both regionally and globally. Drawing the following conclusions: Firstly, Taiwan has employed a dual-way immigration policy that is welcoming, generous, and proactive for skilled labor while restrictive and reactive for unskilled ones. Secondly, Taiwan may eventually encounter challenges in responding to the demand for migrant labor as a result of the development of Southeast Asian economies supplying migrant labor, as well as the increasing demand for migrant labor from countries like South Korea and Japan, despite its reliance on migrant labor due to cost advantages and population pressure. Finally, Taiwan’s national migration policies will be influenced by its own economic, political, and social dynamics, as well as regional and international political economy, and its relationships with China, as they have been in the past.