This article reviews empirical advances in research on interprovincial migration after the economic reform in 1978 and its connection to regional disparities in China. First, building on a brief overview of the scale of interprovincial migration, it provides a detailed description of the spatial patterns of interprovincial migration in China, as well as their changes over time. Next, it characterizes research findings on the role of regional development disparities in interprovincial migration, noting whether this role differs for high-skilled talent, low-skilled laborers, marriage migrants, and elderly migrants. It then discusses the extensive findings related to the impacts of interprovincial labor migration on both the origin and destination regions, as well as the potential consequences of this migration on regional disparities. Finally, it concludes with a summary of key insights and notes promising directions for further research.