The migration issue in South Asia involves complex intersections of national politics, bilateral diplomacy, and social dynamics. The NRC (National Register of Citizens) and CAA (Citizenship Amendment Act) debates have intensified tensions, especially between Bangladesh and India, which share the world’s fifth-longest border and deep historical ties. This chapter explores how illegal and informal migration shapes bilateral relations, often straining cooperation despite shared cultural and economic interests. It highlights how migration has become a politicized issue in Bangladesh, especially under the previous government (2009–2024), which maintained strong ties with India through development and transit agreements. However, recent backlash from political actors in bordering Indian states points to growing discontent over perceived imbalances and unauthorized migration. The chapter concludes that unchecked mobility may undermine bilateral trust and cooperation. Based on qualitative analysis of secondary academic sources, this study provides a nuanced understanding of migration’s broader implications for regional politics and development between Bangladesh and India.

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Migration as a Political Tool: The Complexities of Economic and Social Dynamics Between Bangladesh and India

  • Abdul Wohab,
  • Sakif Al Ehsan Khan,
  • MD Shiyan Sadik

摘要

The migration issue in South Asia involves complex intersections of national politics, bilateral diplomacy, and social dynamics. The NRC (National Register of Citizens) and CAA (Citizenship Amendment Act) debates have intensified tensions, especially between Bangladesh and India, which share the world’s fifth-longest border and deep historical ties. This chapter explores how illegal and informal migration shapes bilateral relations, often straining cooperation despite shared cultural and economic interests. It highlights how migration has become a politicized issue in Bangladesh, especially under the previous government (2009–2024), which maintained strong ties with India through development and transit agreements. However, recent backlash from political actors in bordering Indian states points to growing discontent over perceived imbalances and unauthorized migration. The chapter concludes that unchecked mobility may undermine bilateral trust and cooperation. Based on qualitative analysis of secondary academic sources, this study provides a nuanced understanding of migration’s broader implications for regional politics and development between Bangladesh and India.