This chapter aims to contribute to the understanding of the complex relationship between migration, poverty, and human security in Bangladesh. It argues that migration, often driven by the pursuit of better economic opportunities and livelihood prospects, can paradoxically exacerbate poverty levels and undermine various dimensions of human security for migrants and their families. The main objectives are to examine the underlying principles of migration, poverty, and human security, assess the key drivers and trends of both internal and international migration in Bangladesh, examine the impact of migration on poverty levels and different dimensions of human security (e.g., economic, nutritional, health, environmental, and social), and assess the current policies and frameworks related to migration, poverty, and human security in the country. This chapter analyzes the relationship between migration, poverty, and human security in Bangladesh from a human security perspective. It shows that internal migration, especially rural migration, has fueled the growth of urban poverty and informal settlements, while international migration exposes migrants to vulnerabilities such as irregular migration, human trafficking, and exploitation, leading them into a new phase of poverty. The findings emphasize the importance of well-coordinated policies, improving governance and policy implementation, creating channels for safe and regular migration, protecting the rights of migrant workers, and ensuring their access to basic services. Policymakers, development practitioners, and other relevant stakeholders in Bangladesh can use the findings of this study to better understand migration-related poverty and how it can be addressed while ensuring sustainable human security.