This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of Taiwan’s migration trends, patterns, and dynamics within the Taiwan-China-US geopolitical context, examining them through the lens of changes in historical geography and multi-scalar geopolitical transformations. It explains that Taiwan’s migration landscape mirrors its complex geopolitical environment, shaped by the interaction of its domestic dynamics, including national security concerns, demographic challenges, economic forces, and the alternation of political power between two parties promoting distinct national identities and political visions for Taiwan, with its evolving relations with China and the USA at the bilateral level. This interaction also reverberates in Taiwan’s migration relations with regional countries, especially those in Southeast Asia. The traces of these interactions at the bilateral and regional levels are explored through the examination of human mobility in economic (labor migration and investment migration), social (marriage migration), educational (student migration), and cultural (tourism) spheres.