Migration has been a cornerstone of the socioeconomic and cultural development of the Indian subcontinent, deeply interwoven with its historical and contemporary realities. This chapter examines the region’s migration trends, focusing on historical trajectories, legal frameworks, and socioeconomic factors that shape migration dynamics in South Asia. Highlighting the role of colonial labor movements, the partition of British India, and the modern-day South Asian diaspora, the chapter situates migration within the broader context of globalization, economic inequalities, and environmental vulnerabilities. Key areas of discussion include the economic drivers of migration, such as remittances and labor market integration, alongside gendered dimensions of migration that emphasize the challenges and contributions of female migrants. The chapter underscores the significance of migration for regional development and global labor markets, while advocating for gender-sensitive and inclusive policies to address structural inequalities and ensure the protection of migrant rights. This analysis contributes to an understanding of migration as a dynamic and transformative phenomenon in South Asia.