This paper critically examines the enduring colonial legacies that shape contemporary South Asian migration trajectories, exploring the historical, economic, and political forces that continue to influence cross-border mobility. It argues that colonialism established systemic racial hierarchies and economic dependencies that persist in modern migration governance, particularly in policies regulating labor mobility, border control, and asylum frameworks. Drawing on the concept of racial capitalism, the study highlights how colonial powers commodified migrant labor, creating exploitative structures that continue to define the experiences of South Asian migrants today. Through an analysis of migration patterns from the colonial era to the present, the paper illustrates how former colonial metropoles, such as the United Kingdom and other European nations, maintain exclusionary policies that disadvantage migrants from the Global South. The case of Bangladesh has been explored, where colonial-era labor migration patterns have evolved into contemporary precarious employment structures, including indentured labor and modern slavery in Gulf states and Southeast Asia. The study also interrogates the racialization of migration governance, demonstrating how border regimes and asylum policies reinforce socioeconomic stratification, often treating migrants from former colonies as disposable labor rather than individuals with rights. Incorporating decolonial perspectives, this research calls for a fundamental rethinking of migration governance, advocating for policies that recognize historical injustices and seek to dismantle the racial and economic hierarchies embedded in contemporary migration management. By critically engaging with postcolonial and decolonial scholarship, this chapter contributes to ongoing debates on migration justice, labor rights, and the ethics of mobility in a world still shaped by colonial histories.