Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Strategies for Agronomic Crops

Agriculture and food security are seriously threatened by climate change. Changes in precipitation patterns and numerous weather fluctuations pose a danger to agricultural output. IPCC has predicted that temperature increases for the Indian subcontinent will be 0.85–3.15 °C by 2050 and 1.55–5.40 °C by 2080, depending on the future growth scenario, and India could experience a 40% decline in agricultural productivity by the 2080s. Different predictive models inferred that a rise in temperature and changes in rainfall distribution would reduce the production of major agronomic crops. 60% of the net cultivated area relies on rainwater for irrigation and is therefore more vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stresses caused by climatic aberrations. As a result, adaptation measures are needed to reduce climatic variability and sustain crop production. Climate change's negative consequences can be minimised by developing different stress-tolerant varieties and adopting innovative agricultural practices such as resource conservation technologies. The assessment of the effects of global climatic changes on agronomic crops and possible adaptation approaches provides researchers and farmers with useful information for adopting farming and improving agricultural production.