Applications of Smart Agriculture and an Automated Irrigation System Based on the Internet of Things

Smart farming has become very popular in recent years, especially in the era of the fourth industrial revolution (4.0). The main goal of this paper is to show how smart irrigation systems can use an Internet of Things-based optimal control system. The systems were built so that water distribution in smart irrigation fields could be tracked for smart farming operations. All of the variables that impact plant development, including the quantity of water in the soil, the temperature and humidity, the amount of water in the tank, and the weather, may be controlled and monitored by the smart irrigation system. Additionally, it may irrigate plants dependent on how much moisture the soil needs. The working hardware of an automated irrigation system is designed and discussed. An automated real-time watering system was designed using the Arduino Uno and the sensors. Multiple sensors are used for detecting real-time data from the field. A capacitive soil moisture sensor is used to measure the moisture content of the soil. If the threshold level of soil moisture is not met, it will send a signal to the Arduino, and the motor will automatically start to irrigate the crops. A rain sensor is used to detect the climate condition and rain status. If it is raining, then it will send the rain status. A water sensor is used to detect the water level in the tank. If the water tank is empty, it will send a signal to the buzzer to beep, and the buzzer will start beeping to indicate that the water tank is empty.