Introduction to Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Studies of Novel Drug Delivery Systems

Nanoformulations have evolved to circumvent the limitations of conventional drug delivery systems. Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) have emerged as innovative approaches that enhance the efficacy and safety of drug therapies. NDDS includes a diverse range of nanotechnologies designed to optimize the delivery of therapeutic agents to their intended targets within the body. The need for nanoformulations arises from the limitations of traditional drug administration methods, that often results in suboptimal therapeutic outcomes and reduced patient compliance [1]. The history of NDDS is an interesting narrative of human ingenuity and scientific progress; the first controlled-release polymer device was developed in 1964. Bangham discovered the liposome in 1965; albumin-based nanoparticles were reported in 1972; liposome-based formulations were developed in 1973; the first micelle was developed and approved in 1983; the USFDA approved the first controlled formulation in 1989; and the first polyethylene glycol (PEG)-protein conjugate hit the market in 1990 [2].