Improvements in living conditions and better healthcare have increased life expectancy and resulted in a rapidly growing older population. Worldwide, by 2030, one out of every six people will be over 60 years old. The demographic trend of population aging has caused an imbalance among children, adults, and older people. This shifting age structure has a substantial demographic impact and affects the social context of the increasing older population. Aging is a complex process that is influenced by a range of socio-cultural issues. A significant rise in the older population may affect the socio-economic, cultural, psychological, and health status of older people, posing additional complications for their support network and care. Although aging is a universal process, the opportunities and challenges diverge widely across cultures, regions, and individual circumstances. Handbook of Ageing, Health, and Public Policy is a timely publication and this part of the book titled “Emerging Issues in Ageing” seeks to address the experience of aging in contemporary society by reflecting on the evolving issues and concerns. The volume delves into an array of various facets of aging, including social networks, agism, mental health, access to healthcare, gendered and intersectional challenges, social isolation, loneliness, and the impact of COVID-19, environmental concerns, institutional care, multigenerational solidarity, and digital engagement among older populations in different cultural contexts across the globe.