Around the world, the population of elder age people are increasing. By 2050, 80% of those aged more than 60 years will be living in low- and middle-income countries. Living longer will be meaningful only if the person is able to live with adequate health. Older adults require different approaches to health care and are often less able to pay for these services; therefore, health systems will need to be realigned significantly to meet these targets. The World Health Organization has a global strategy and action plan on aging. Various developed as well as developing countries have strategies and legislations to address the issues of an aging population. A brief overview will be presented in this part. For a healthy aging, individuals need medical as well as social support. This part deals with important and unique health issues of elderly including non-communicable diseases like diabetes mellitus, mental health diseases, falls, dental health, and dementia. Unexpected communicable diseases like Covid-19 impacts the elderly in a unique way, which has to be tackled. Social issues like loneliness, retirement with loss of regular income, pension, impact on grown up children on quality of life, life satisfaction of the elderly parents, and subjective well-being need to be addressed to attain this goal.