As India gradually ages, its window of demographic dividend is narrowing down and the share of its dependent population will be on the rise. With a larger elderly population expected in the near future, this chapter examines how the working population in India fares in terms of access to social security amid vast informality, persistent poverty, and increasing precarity, and the implications on the aging population. The chapter therefore delves deeper into what needs to be done now to ensure a smooth aging with overall development. The chapter therefore highlights the emerging trends in Indian economy in terms of demography, and further examines aspects of development, structural transformation, and the world of work. This is followed by a detailed discussion on trends in pensions and social security in India’s labor market, leading toward a critical examination of existing pension and safety net schemes. This chapter tries to further the discourse on implications for an aging population in terms of savings, vulnerability, and ensuring well-being.