Using data from the 75th round of the National Sample Survey, 2018, this chapter examines the patterns, differences, and determinants of economic dependency, chronic illness, and insurance coverage among the elderly in EAG* and non-EAG states of India. Descriptive statistics, absolute gaps, and binary logistic regression analysis were performed in this chapter. The finding reveals that non-EAG states have about two times greater risk of chronic illness and are more likely to have insurance coverage than EAG* states. Interestingly, sex is a strong determinant of economic dependency, where elderly women have ten times greater chances of being economically dependent than men. Age groups, physical mobility status, household size, hospitalizations, current SRH, and living arrangements also showed strong predictors of economic dependency. Educational attainments and household income gradient showed a reverse association with economic dependence but a strong positive association with chronic illness and insurance coverage. Elderly Muslims have a greater chance of being economically dependent and with chronic illness risks and are less likely to have insurance coverage than Hindus. Meanwhile, the elderly belonging to the OBC, SC, and ST caste groups have significantly lower risks of chronic illness and greater insurance coverage compared to the general caste group. Age-appropriate treatment is limiting the effective interventions among the elderly population that may be due to insufficient financial security, aggravated user fees, and social and employment security. This has substantial consequences for current and future policies and programs aimed at improving the well-being of the elderly. The study’s finding suggests that policymakers and other health experts encourage people to have health insurance to protect individuals against significant unexpected medical risks.