The world is graying and rather than the earlier phenomenon of the younger population caring for the older population, the young-old population is now caring for the older and oldest old. Earlier, the graying population was a phenomenon in developed countries, but it is now common in many countries irrespective of their economic classes. The world has undergone drastic changes in terms of demography, environment, and economy. Globally, these radical changes in demographics, climate, and economy affect the living conditions of the human population. These drastic changes especially in terms of demographics and economy affect individuals in particular and society in general. It challenges the older population in terms of healthcare and services, family relationships, social security, and pension schemes. This chapter intends to give an idea of the global aging growth, changing demographic profile of India and its states, and the challenges in emerging aging status. It also attempts to define aging under the changed condition with the nature of aging and care needs, which has implications on policy formation.