It is well known that people are living longer. Better medicine and health care systems are two of the main factors behind this. In recent times, there has been a real focus on global public policy whereby countries across the world understand the social and economic of population aging. Key institutions that have driven this global understanding are the United Nations (UN) and the World Health Organization (WHO). By applying a global policy perspective, the authors of this chapter examine the contemporary debates on aging and social care. In this work, the authors explore three countries, namely, China, India, and Japan. The authors provide an analytical narrative for each country, explaining why people are living longer, the economic and social pressures, and the policy interventions that have been put in place.