A Survey of Decentralized Digital Voting System Using Blockchain Technology

The aim of this article is to explore the procedures and technologies involved in digital voting system for a secured and legitimate election. An ideal electronic voting follows the fundamental laws that protects privacy and integrity of voters while preserving the openness and adaptability. In fact, fair election is not only essential to democratic governance but more importantly it can increase voters’ confidence and understanding of their roles. As per the literature, centralized and decentralized voting systems are currently being established to make voting secure while also addressing concerns about anonymity and security. The latter one provides advantages in terms of transparency, availability, and robustness against failures. In this regard, Blockchain technology stands out as a prominent decentralized solution through universal ownership, type transfer, and on-chain storage. A value change in the chain must be approved by each node and each block to approve a particular change. Blockchain is capable of removing the man-in-the-middle from the existing system with smart contracts. The Blockchain-enabled system ensures no coercion and traceability of individual voters. In other words, manipulation of the choices and counting of votes is hard when Blockchain technology is adopted. Moreover, such a system meets all the basic requirements of electronic voting which includes confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity, and non-repudiation of votes. The paper concludes that the Blockchain framework has the potential to handle all the basic requirements of a digital voting system. However, Blockchain systems still need optimization in cost and scalability to be adopted widely in electronic voting.