Two-Factor Authentication for Internet of Drones Using PUF and Blockchain

The Internet of Drones (IoD) provides a comprehensive approach to automated flying vehicles referred to as drones. The constant contraction of sensors, actuators and processors with universal remote availability has evolved a way to use drones in a wide range of applications, from the military to ordinary citizens. As most of IoD applications are based on continuous operation, clients are mostly interested in getting constant data from drones that have a place with a specific flight zone. The device authentication is a fundamental security highlight for the Internet of Things (IoT) drones. Numerous IoT drones are conveyed in open and public spots, which makes them helpless against physical and cloning assaults. Physical unclonable function (PUF) is tamper proof, unclonable and generates secret key with mutual authentication. The blockchain technology also helps in authentication to verify the user’s identity using the hashing technology to securely store information on its ledger. This scheme is proposed to build a secure connection between the user and the drone(s) by physical unclonable function (PUF) and blockchain technology. Once authenticated, the user can access the drone(s) and can use it for various internet applications of the drone, be it surveillance, delivery or navigation, or even as a means of remote communication. Finally, the proposed work is compared with other existing protocols in terms of packet loss ratio, end-to-end delay and throughput, which shows the proposed architecture has better effectiveness.