Biomass Valorization for Bioenergy Production

Biomass is currently seen as a potential to be used as bioenergy resources. Its high availability and renewability generate extensive interest for further valorization. In Indonesia, research and development of transforming biomass into bioenergy via different pathways is expanding. Conversion of biomass via physical/mechanical, biochemical, and thermochemical offers produces bioenergy in the form of liquid (i.e., biodiesel, bioethanol, and bio-oil), gasses (i.e., biogas and syngas), and solid (i.e., biopellets, biochars, and briquettes). These types of bioenergy are essential for substituting fossil-based fuels, hence have positive impacts on reducing carbon emissions and climate change. Different mechanisms of process occur during the conversion. Specific measures to the influencing factors are crucial to ensure the optimum performance efficacy. This chapter discusses various bioenergy routes from biomass substrates from the process’ mechanisms to examples, in particular anaerobic digestion, transesterification, fermentation, densification, and thermochemical pathways.