Effect of Single Clove Black Garlic Extract on Lipid Accumulation During Adipocyte Differentiation Using 3T3-L1 Cell Line

Obesity, defined as an excessive adipose tissue mass, is a major factor in increasing the risk of serious diseases such as heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Obesity is associated with the expansion of adipose tissue by excessive dietary fat intake, which results in adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Thus, inhibiting adipocyte differentiation and accumulation of lipids are important targets for preventing obesity. As the mechanism of single clove black garlic (SCBG) extract affecting lipid metabolism in adipocytes remains unclear, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of SCBG extract on lipid metabolism in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The analysis revealed that SCBG extract contained 23.15 mg/g of polyphenol and 9.75 mg/g of flavonoid compounds. SCBG extract had stronger capacities to scavenge α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) than fresh single clove garlic (FSCG) with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.602 mg/mL. The treatment of SCBG extracts at a concentration of 2.5–7.5 mg/mL had a cytotoxic effect that reduced cell viability. However, there was no significant difference between the concentration of extract to the cell viability of adipocytes (p < 0.05). Furthermore, SCBG extract at 2.5 and 5 significantly reduced lipid accumulation (p < 0.05), and 7.5 mg/mL significantly reduced lipid accumulation (p < 0.01) compared to cell control indicating potential in anti-obesity effect.