Intra-Bone Bone Marrow Transplantation

BM is very specific tissue with an extensive vascular network, and the injected BM cells into the organism easily enter and join the peripheral circulation [1]. Despite successful engraftment of Gal-T+/+ mouse BM cells into α1,3Gal-T KO mice recipients [2], α1,3Gal-T KO pig BM cells to NHP xenotransplantation is not yet successful. For example, baboons received with BM exhibit intravenous infusion, and the microchimerism is seen in the BM-received baboons. However, macrochimerism is characteristic of only transient peripheral expression and not in the BM expression. In addition, the responses elicit production of anti-pig ABs [3]. Early loss of grafted BMs in a α1,3Gal-T KO pig-to-NHP xenotransplantation is also observed in the α1,3Gal-T+/+ mouse BM to α1,3Gal-T KO mouse transplantation, presumably due to naturally formed non-Gal-specific Abs [4] and CD47 incompatibility-caused phagocytotic property [5, 6]. In mice, donor BM cells with 1–2% occupation are also located at the BM recipients [7], suggesting that the donor BM cell localization at the host BM immunologically is a cause for responses for both engrafted BM and host hematopoiesis reconstitution.