Use of Smart Silver Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery System

There are numerous applications for smart silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the scientific and technological domains. Such tiny particles are administered orally to enhance drug absorption, allow for dose reduction, and limit side effects. Oral delivery of AgNPs and herbal AgNPs are two options for a safer and more effective type of treatment. Due to their exceptional physical and chemical attributes, AgNPs have emerged among the most compelling nanomaterials in biomedicine. AgNPs’ optical, electrical, and catalytic properties have led to rapid and widespread research. These traits, particularly the size, and form, are closely related to AgNPs characteristics. Several things should be considered when creating AgNPs with the desired size and shape. Further, regarding the various types of precursor salts, the production process must also account for additives such as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents, besides considering the impact of reaction variables, namely reaction temperature, duration, pH, and additional energy. In addition to these approaches, biological synthesis utilizing microbes, fungi, and plant extract is a particularly simple, cost-effective, reliable, and sustainable option. AgNPs are primarily used as an antibacterial, anticancer, vaccine adjuvant, antidiabetic, and biosensor therapy, as well as to speed up bone and wound healing. The biological processes of AgNPs action are also covered, mainly the release of silver ions (Ag+), the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and membrane rupture.